Spelling Assessment and Rti Essay examples - 1554 Words

Spelling Assessment and RTI Tawana Hosey Walden University Literacy Development in an Academically Diverse Classroom (EDUC-6709-2) Lisa Cline July 1, 2012 Spelling Assessment and RTI Accurate, automatic recognition of printed words drives the reading process (Morris, 2008). Spelling assessments play a vital role in this process and enhances the development of reading. These assessments also serve as an important tool when assessing the reading ability of students. When attempting to recognize any challenges students may face, spelling assessments are very useful. Dr. Bear goes into detail about spelling assessments and how they provide valuable insights about the reading development of students and goes into detail about†¦show more content†¦They take the assessment three times within a school year to track their progress. The data is kept in students’ data folders so when I have data chats with them they are able to see what improvements are needed or what improvements have been made. Data is also kept in the classroom so students will see their progress as a whole. Reading coaches assist in determining if student s have made enough growth along with the results from other assessments to be placed in a regular language arts class or if the student should remain in a reading program with after school tutoring or pull outs with an interventionist. RTI is definitely a need when working with students that struggle. Mesmer and Mesmer (2008) state that RTI is a process that incorporates both assessment and intervention so that immediate benefits come to the student. References Morris, D. (2008). Diagnosis and correction of reading problems. New York, NY: Guilord Press. Mesmer, E.M., amp; Mesmer, H.A.E. (2008). Response to intervention (RTI): What teachers of reading need to know. Reading Teacher, 62(4), 280-290. Tompkins, G. E. (2010). Literacy for the 21st century: A balanced approach (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn amp; Bacon. Walden University M.S. in Education Program Formative Evaluative Criteria for Applications and Reflective Essays Quality of Work SubmittedWork reflects graduate-level critical, analytical thinking. | A: Exemplary WorkA = 4.00; A- = 3.75All ofShow MoreRelatedMTE 562 RTI Model1240 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ RTI Model Holly Mills MTE/562 Ray Gless May 4, 2015 RTI Model Jasmine Keller is a fourth grade student who has been monitored and reported as a student at-risk. Jasmine has a, â€Å"weak short-term memory that affects her involvement and progress in the general education curriculum in the areas of reading decoding, reading fluency, reading comprehension, spelling, and math calculations. Her reading level is at second grade. Broken down word recognition is at an equivalent of gradeRead MoreAnalysis Of Special Education1555 Words   |  7 PagesIn my professional opinion, I believe that Tamara would benefit from the Response to Intervention model (RTI). RTI is â€Å"an approach to enhancing classroom instruction and systematically implementing more intensive interventions to meet the instructional needs of struggling learners† (Vaughn, Fletcher, Francis, Denton, Wanzek†¦. Romain, 2008, p.2). In this approach, the instruction assessments are delivered as a layer approach through three tiers. The first tier is referred to as Tier I begins inRead MoreEducating Children On Literacy Skills869 Words   |  4 Pagesin quality literacy instruction, informal reading assessments must be utilized to direct instructional planning. Results from these assessments allow teachers to know a student’s development, thus plan accordingly for instruction as stated by Dr.Bear (Laureate Production, Inc.2014a).Informal reading assessments also guide teachers to understand a student’s frustration, instructional, and independent levels of learning. With many informal assessments to choose from, the following information describesRead MoreTwo Tests in the World of Psychology and Education944 Words   |  4 Pagesthese or both tests by the school psychologist. By using these assessments teachers and school staff are able to identify specific difficulties that these students are having and how to move on in the observation process. The first test is the WISC-IV, this test measures the students intellectual abilities. The test is administered to children ages 6 to 16 and are given by paper-and-pencil or on the computer. The components of the assessment include several subtests that can be both verbal and nonverbalRead MoreRti Provides The Framework For Reading Instruction At Newsome Park Elementary School Essay959 Words   |  4 PagesRTI provides the framework for reading instruction at Newsome Park elementary School. Due to limited resources and a burgeoning population of at-risk students RTI is not implemented in mathematics or content areas. A school wide positive behavior intervention system is in place. Every student in second grade is screened using the Phonological Literacy Screening (PALS). This data is used to identify instructional reading levels, and spelling/phonics knowledge. PALS assesses accuracy, fluency and comprehensionRead MoreThe Importance Of Special Learning Needs For Children With Disab ilities, And Different Processes / Aspects Of Special Education1111 Words   |  5 Pageswith on a daily basis have several different learning disabilities. However, all of the students Ms. Edwards instruct are currently in Tier 3 of Respond to Intervention. In Teaching Students Who Are Exceptional, Diverse, and at Risk Vaughn describes RTI Tier 3 students as those who may need â€Å"even more intensive intervention [such as] longer instructional sessions, smaller group, instruction more specifically aligned with their learning needs† (Vaughn, 2014). More specifically, Ms. Edwards instructsRead MoreMaking A Criteria For Accepting Books1266 Words   |  6 Pagesprogram assessments and RtI Model Mrs. Grant identified the STAR assessment, AIMSWeb, and Words Their Ways spelling inventory to be the measures used to identify struggling readers in 3rd grade. Mrs. Larson said that at the beginning of the year the school has a benchmarking that takes place from K to 8th grades, she said that it is not a specific benchmark, it is used to have an idea and some information to modify their planning from the very beginning of the year. This kind of assessment is sharedRead MoreLiteracy Learner1729 Words   |  7 Pages(Bashir, 2009) Informal Literacy Assessments Many of the students who took the spelling test in my classroom could very well read and recognize the words, but when asked to spell them on a separate occasion, they could not. With the selected group of students for this activity, they had only minor difficulties with the chosen spelling words. For example, they made mistakes such as tomorow, instead of tomorrow. They were capable of sounding, pouncing, and spelling most words on their reading levelRead MoreSkills Are An Imperative Part Of Communication Skills For Students1496 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the International Dyslexia Association, dysgraphia is a learning disability that affects how children learn written language and how they use written language to articulate their thoughts. It can manifest itself through difficulties in spelling, poor handwriting, and difficulty organizing and writing an essay. Sometimes just trying to master the mechanics of handwriting can interfere with the higher processes needed to c ompose a paper (Rosenblum, Weiss, Parush, 2004, p. 433). The long-termRead MoreCase Study : Raven s Raven 1468 Words   |  6 Pageslearning or the learning of his peers in the classroom. The teacher’s concerns are only with his writing ability. The teacher is concerned that without additional academic supports the student will fall behind grade level. Initial Assessments. Response to Intervention (RTI) is an approach used for early identification and support of students with learning and behavior needs. The process begins with instruction and universal screening of all children in a general education classroom. Students who are

The Sentencing Practices And Probation System - 2329 Words

The Sentencing Practices and Probation From my standpoint, sentencing laws and the probation system are issues society struggle with today. The government usually lacks on amount of time and funds towards incarcerate criminals. The unintended of parole is multifaceted than ever. Situations like this concentrate on offenders focusing on lack of dissuasion. Viewing on a positive note this is more of a motivational approach where it’s enabling rehabilitation completely to parolees. Society faces more financial liability with criminals that are incarcerated, and parolees that are multiply based on the sentencing laws countrywide. The changes that are made towards the sentencing laws have damaged rather than rebuild the probation system. For instance, producing an exploited of managing the system properly consequential which is lacking in quality control especially keeping track of the criminals. Encouraging alterations made on sentencing laws are defective and correspondingly clarifying opponents. Targeting the audience which is law enforcement, the workers for the probation system, county and including the city administrative personnel. From my perspective I believe that certain professionals should be based on their job responsibilities, law involvement with political affiliations, and the individuals that they are surrounded by. In uniform most individuals are more respected stereotypically and the ideal individual can bring about a policy reorganize towards the rightShow MoreRelatedThe philosophy of probation has changed over the past several years. Originally, probation1100 Words   |  5 Pagesphilosophy of probation has changed over the past several years. Originally, probation officers were considered social worker, able to focus on the individual offender, rather than statutory schemes of the legal system. This ideology aligned with the indeterminate sentencing structure that acknowledged individualization of the offender. However, today probation officers have been coined â€Å"the guardian of the guidelines† (Bunzel, 1995, para 2). Under this new philosophy, probation is a facilitatorRead MoreProbation And Parole Is An Important Part Of Our Society1064 Words   |  5 Pagesindicated in 2012, approximately 1 in every 35 adults in the United States was on probation or parole or incarcerate d in prison or jail. Probation and parole are an important part of our society and most people know at least one person who is either on probation or parole. There are drastic differences between probation and parole. Probation refers to offenders who are on supervision through a probation agency. Probation is ruled by the courts and is generally given as a sentence instead of incarcerationRead MoreCompeting Theories of Corrections1624 Words   |  7 PagesIf it is a violent crime there is a need to safeguard society from future criminal acts of a person who is convicted of the most heinous offenses. I will describe what the competing theories of corrections are and if they are prevalent in today’s system or not. A review of how the goals of punishment and rehabilitative strategies differ will also be shown. I will also show whether or not there is specific data to support one particular approach over another. I will also give my opinion on whetherRead MoreCorrections: From Rehabilitation to a More Punitive Model Essay1594 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Sameer Noori 24 November 2014 Corrections Paper What changes led corrections away from rehabilitation and toward a more punitive model? Since World War II through the 1970s, many changes occurred in the United States correctional systems. Rehabilitation Model is a treatment program that was designed to reform the inmates. According to www.copower.org, â€Å"This model is similar to the medical model; it regards the person with a disability as in need of services from a rehabilitation professional whoRead MoreProbation Parole And Probation Case Essay1348 Words   |  6 Pages History of Parole and Probation Jindarat Innuan Student #0913685 CCJ 1020 Hillsborough Community College Prof. Leonardo Cadogan November 26th, 2014 The purpose of this research paper is to discuss about Parole and Probation in America. The paper is going to focus on the past, present and future of parole and probation. This paper includes discussion of Parole and Probation Officers, as well as why some states so longer utilize parole, including Florida. This paper will also include personalRead MoreSocial Context Of Probation Officer1082 Words   |  5 PagesContext of Probation Officer Rebecca McRunnel Probation Parole: CRJ 467 Professor Martin McAuliffe July 12, 2015 Many people see probation as a suspension of a sentence by the court. While being a citizen of the community, the offender is under direct supervision by a court officer, referred to as a probation officer. This officer supervises the offender’s progress imposing direct or un-direct supervision (Diana, 1960). Judge McKenzie Cleland, described what probation actually isRead MoreProbation And Parole And Juvenile Offenders Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pages Probation and parole were unknown concepts until the early 19th century. Just over one-hundred years old, the emphasis has moved from the offender to concern for the welfare of the community, altogether public safety. Probation and parole accommodates the offender by allowing them to reenter or remain in society, while they serve their sentences. Today, the probation and parole agencies in the United States handle millions and only sixty percent of probationers complete their obligations successfullyRead MoreJails, Prisons and Community Based Corrections1210 Words   |  5 Pagesattempt to explain and discuss probation and how it compares to other forms of sentencing, the types of prison, the origins of rehabilitation in prisons, parole and how it differs from mandatory release and finally options of community corrections. Ending the essay will be a critique on the current rehabilitation options. The history of probation in the United States started in Boston in 1841. Starting with probation and how it differs to other forms of sentencing, probation is a prison sentence thatRead MoreParole Is The Release Of A Convicted Offender1230 Words   |  5 Pagesof a convicted offender after he or she has completed a portion of his or her prison sentence (Alarid Del Carmen, 2012). Probation is a form of sentence for violating the law, which suspends the convicted offender’s sentence for a period of time and releases the offender back into the community under specific conditions (Alarid Del Carmen, 2012). The start of probation can be linked to England’s criminal law. During Henry VIII’s time, harsh sanctions were placed on adults and children forRead MorePaper 1688 Words   |  3 Pages Unit 2 In this paper I’m going to describe how society’s response to crime impacts public policy, sentencing, practices, and correctional operations. Also an overview of the evolution of society’s views on crime and punishment. Along with need for crime and punishment. Fallowed up by the shift in sentencing laws and impact (prisons, Get Tough On Crime, present day). Fallowed up an emphasis on punishment or rehabilitation currently. To start off First

Synthesis of Salicylic Acid Free Essays

Synthesis of Salicylic Acid from Wintergreen Oil Abstract: The purpose of this experiment is to take methyl salicylate (wintergreen oil) and by heating it under reflux with NaOH as a solvent, and then cooling the mixture with H2SO4 as another solvent, synthesize salicylic acid. The final step involves purify the product to produce as pure a sample of salicylic acid as possible. This process allowed for the successful production of 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Synthesis of Salicylic Acid or any similar topic only for you Order Now 406g salicylic acid, an 82. 70% yield. The NMR and IR both produced images that correlate with the known spectrums indicating a pure product. The melting point range was slightly wider, though did encompass the accepted melting point values. Discussion: Reaction OH O OCH3 2) H2SO4 1) 2NaOH OH O OH 1. 595 ml methyl salicylate is reacted with sodium hydroxide by heating it under reflux. The sodium ions knock the methyl group from the methyl salicylate due to the greater attraction between the sodium cation and the slightly negative charge on the oxygen compared to the O-CH3 bond that had previously existed. This reaction produces disodium salicylic acid, methyl hydroxide and water molecules. The sodium crystals that form are visible as the white particulate matter seen as soon as the two chemicals are mixed. Heating of the substance under reflux increased the reaction rate as did the use of the solvent to increase the frequency of molecules being ripped off the original substance and sucking them into their new molecular formations. At this point the wintergreen smell has disappeared from the mixture indicating a rapid decline in the amount of methyl salicylate present in the reaction. When the sulfuric acid (pH ~. ) is added to the disodium salicylic acid (pH ~5-6), the two sodium atoms are replaced by hydrogen atoms creating salicylic acid and sodium sulfate and lower the pH of the solution to 2. The sodium cations are now more attracted to the slightly negative charge on the two oxygen anions on the SO42- ions than to the disodium salicylic acid and the hydrogens take their place. The ice bath kept the temperature low enough that the salicylic acid remained solid and the sulfuric acid components liquid, allowing for a final product with the most purity possible. Determining limiting reagent: 1. 595 ? 15. 0 ? Amount of methyl salicylate used: 1 Amount of sodium hydroxide: 2. 13 g 1. 174 Theoretical yield: Actual yield: 1. 406 g Percent yield = 1. 873 ? 1. 406 ? 1. 700 Melting point range of purified product 150-162Â °C Mixed melting point range with salicylic acid: 153-160Â °C The melting point range of the synthetic salicylic acid includes the textbook value of 159Â °C. Although a greater variance was seen with the synthetic salicylic acid melting point range (range=12Â °C) versus the provided salicylic acid (range=7Â °C), the full range of the provided salicylic acid fell within the range of the synthetic salicylic acid, indicating a relatively pure product. It should be noted that optimally the melting point range should be slightly narrower. Loss of product occurred due to loss at each transfer step including, crystals stuck to the vacuum filter, crystals sticking to the glass stir rod for pH testing as well as the metal spatula used for recrystallization. While washing the crystals, some loss would also be seen due to the slight solubility of salicylic acid. I R: 10 0 = 8 2. 7 0% (138. 1 / ) = 1. 700 (152. 1 / ) 1 = 31. 95 NaOH = 1. 873 ***limiting reagent*** PE A K # 1 2 3 4 5 POSITION (cm-1) 748. 245 1204. 33 1654. 62 2850. 27 3235. 00 BOND (MODE) C-H bend (aromatic) C-O stretch C=O stretch O-H stretch (carboxylic) O-H stretch (on phenol) ASSIGNMENT 1 2 3 4 5 3 2 1 4 1 1 5 NMR Chemical Shift (ppm) 10. 5 8. 0 7. 5 6. 9 Integration 2 1 1 2 Multiplicity/splitting Singlet Doublet Triplet Triplet Assignment 1 2 3 4 3 4 1 4 2 1 NMR Discussion: Assignment 1: The singlet peak is located at 10. 5 ppm and is assigned to the hydrogens bonded to the two single bonded oxygens. These two can share this single peak because the hydrogens are constantly swapping places with each other due to their position within the molecular structure and if the NMR was magnified, two peaks could be seen. Assignment 2: The peak located at 8. 0 ppm is a doublet peak assigned to the hydrogen bonded to carbon on the aromatic ring closest to the carboxylic group. It is shifted . 5-. 6 ppm downfield of where hydrogens on a benzene ring would normally appear due to de-shielding by the nearby carboxyl group. Assignment 3: The 7. 5 ppm triplet peak is indicative of the hydrogen bonded to carbon on the aromatic ring closest to the phenol group, again due to de-shielding by the nearby phenol group. The extra peak is likely due to the interaction of the O-H bond with the C-H bond. Assignment 4: 6. 9 ppm has a triplet peak and is assigned to the two remaining C-H bonds on the aromatic ring. Conclusion: The final product was created by taking advantage of the electron affinity and nucleophilic properties of the chemicals and especially the solvents to create transition states to allow for a faster, more stable reaction. Heating of the substance under reflux also increased the reaction rate. The melting point range contains the textbook value of salicylic acid and the IR and NMR matches the known IR/NMR for salicylic acid. This supports the purity of the substance created. The absence of the wintergreen scent indicates an absence of the methyl salicylate. After completion of this experimental process, 1. 406 g of salicylic acid was created from the initial 1. 595 g methyl salicylate which equates to an 82. 70% yield, a successful result. How to cite Synthesis of Salicylic Acid, Papers

Private Nuisance Question free essay sample

As it was reasonably foreseeable that claimant would be injured, there was sufficient proximity and it is fair,just and reasonable to impose liability on the defendant. Hence it is arguable that the local cricket club owed Garfield duty of care as the first element under negligence can be proven. The second element which Garfield have to prove is whether the defendant breach the duty of care. To breach the legal duty of care,is to fall below the appropriate standard of care expected of the defendant when performing the act in question. In the case of Bolton v Stone,it was held that if the likelihood of harm caused by defendant was low then the likelihood of the defendant breaching of the standard of care would also be low. However,base on the facts the claimant house is built so close to the ground that it is almost inevitable that the ball would be hit over the fence and into the garden’s house from time to time. Thus the likelihood of harm is great,creating a high risk of injury to the claimant and the standard of care expected of the defendant would be higher. However,by referring back to the facts,since a 3 metre fence is erected it would seem to be sufficient to prevent injury or loss as the law does not expect the defendant to take absolute precautions(Fardon v Hercourt amp; Ravington). Thus Garfield’s action to bring the case under the tort of negligence would probably fail. Garfield will then be best advised to bring the case in private nuisance. Private nuisance is the special damage to those who have a landed interest whose enjoyment of it is in some way diminished. On our facts,Garfield bought the house which we can assume that he is the owner of the house who have proprietary interest or exclusive interest in the land(Hunter v Canary Wharf). Thus he may sue the defendant for private nuisance and probably seek for an injunction. One should be noted that the law of private nuisance has attempt to preserve a balance between two conflicting interests,that of one occupier in using his land that he thinks fit and that of his neighbour in the quiet enjoyment of his land(Sedleigh Denfield v O’Callaghan). By doing this,the courts will look into the issue of ‘reasonableness’. In other words the courts will assess the reasonableness(level of interference) by taking into account some factors such as locality,duration,sensitivity and public benefits. With regards to locality,it was clear that the claimant had suffered physical damage and damage to his property. Thus the issue of locality is irrelevant(St. Helens Smelting Co. v Tipping). By referring to a similar case, Miller v Jackson,the claimants had bought a house just next to the cricket ground and the claimants knew about it. The cricket ball kept sailing over the claimant’s house and they sought an injunction. At the mean time,the defendant erected a highest possible wire fence,install unbreakable glass and cover the claimant’s garden with safety net and ask the batsmen to keep the ball low:the claimants were not content and seek further for damages and injunction after five more balls flew in their house in 1975. The court rejected the injunction as Lord Denning said that the claimant has come with open eyes. Base on our facts,it is highly unlikely that the claimant is unaware of the existence of the ground as it has been played for nearly 100 years. Therefore,since Garfield had come with open eyes it may not be actionable as it is already a pre-existing condition at the time of the agreement. (Southwark London Borough Council v Mills) Then,with regard to the issue of duration and seriousness,the law states that the longer the interference goes on the more likely it is to be unreasonable. However,a nuisance need not necessarily last long. If the time to carry out the activities are unreasonable or the degree of seriousness is high it could still amount to nuisance(Crown River Cruise Ltd v Kimbolton Fireworks Ltd). Coming back to the facts,after the incident having two cricket balls smashed the glass in his greenhouse,the next hit was few weeks later which caused Garfield to sustain fractured skull. Thus it may not seem to be unreasonable as the next hit was a few weeks after the first hit. But,having a fractured skull after being hit maybe serious and the court might consider it as a factor to issue the injunction. However,it is arguable on the basis of sensitivity if the force use for the hit was not too excessive or unreasonable and if Garfield have had injury on the head before the hit then the defendant may not be held nuisance. (Robinson v Kilvert) If the nuisance is established,the defendant will try to raise the possible defence which is prescription since the cricket has been played on the ground for nearly a hundred years. However the defence of prescription would only applicable if the claimant have beared with the nuisance for twenty years and not when the defendant’s started the activities(Sturges v Bridgman). Thus the defence may succeed if the defendant have moved in and beared with the nuisance for twenty years or more. The defendant would also raise the issue of public interest. The court would inevitably concerned to some extent with the utility or general benefit to the community of defendant’s activities. This means if the claimants actions is of importance, the risks that may happen when completing these actions may be acceptable(Watt v Hertfordshire). However,the court will not accept the argument that the claimant should put up with the harm because it is beneficial to the community as a whole(Bellow v Cement co. ). If Garfield purpose of suing is to restrict the nuisance,the only remedy that he can sought against the cricket club is a prohibitory injunction. It is an equitable remedy use to put a stop to certain offensive activities that affect the claimant continuosly and it will only be awarded if the court felt that it is necessarily to. If the nuisance is temporary and occasionally an injunction may not be issued. In conclusion,eventhough Garfield did experience private nuisance,the activities carried out by the defendant seem to be reasonable. Unless Garfield can prove that the degree of seriousness caused by the defendant is unreasonable,the defendant would probably not be liable. Furthermore if Garfield wants to claim compensation for the fractured skull he have to bring the case under the tort of negligence as nuisance claims are limited to loss of enjoyment of land. However,as mentioned earlier that breach of duty could not be proved therefore the defendant would probably not be liable.